glenda.party
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$home/manuals/9front/1/ecp
term% cat index.txt
ECP(1)                      General Commands Manual                     ECP(1)



NAME
       ecp - fast copy, handling errors

SYNOPSIS
       ecp  [ -bcprvZ ] [ -B block-size ] [ -e max-errors ] [ -i issect ] [ -o
            ossect ] [ -s sector-size ] sectors input output

DESCRIPTION
       Ecp copies sectors disk sectors of the  specified  input  file  to  the
       specified  output  file.   Ecp copies multiple sectors (a `block') at a
       time for speed.  When ecp encounters an I/O  error,  it  transfers  the
       current  block  again,  assuming  the file is seekable, one sector at a
       time, prints the sector number(s) of the error(s), and continues  copy‐
       ing.

       Options are:

       -b  reblock  input  on short reads; this was used mainly when reading a
           pipe on standard input on 4.2+BSD systems.

       -B  sets the block size (16,384 bytes by default) to block-size.

       -c  ask for confirmation on /dev/cons before starting the copy.

       -e  sets a maximum number of consecutive I/O errors to  permit  at  the
           beginning  of the copy before quitting to max-errors.  Lots of con‐
           secutive errors may indicate a deeper problem, such as missing  me‐
           dia.  By default there is no limit.

       -i  seeks  to sector issect (assuming zero-origin) before beginning in‐
           put.

       -o  seeks to sector ossect (assuming zero-origin) before beginning out‐
           put.

       -p  print reassuring progress reports; helpful mainly when dealing with
           cranky hardware.

       -r  copy sector groups in reverse order, assuming the files  are  seek‐
           able; this is most useful when input and output overlap.

       -s  sets the sector size (512 bytes by default) to sector-size.

       -v  verify the copy by rereading the input and output files after copy‐
           ing all sectors.  This is intended to force the disk to deliver the
           actual  data written on it rather than some cached copy.  The loca‐
           tions of any differences are printed.

       -Z  `Swizzle' the input: stir the bits around  in  some  fashion.   In‐
           tended  for  diagnosing bad disks by copying a disk to itself a few
           times with swizzling on (to defeat caching in operating systems  or
           disk controllers).

SEE ALSO
       fcp in cp(1), dd(1), dup(3)

BUGS
       -i,  -o, -r, -v and error retries only work on devices capable of seek‐
       ing.

       The set of options reflects decades of experience dealing with trouble‐
       some hardware.

       If  the  input  file is a tape and the last record on the tape before a
       file mark is less than blocksize bytes long, then ecp will read through
       past the file mark and into the next file.



                                                                        ECP(1)