term% cat index.txt STRING(2) System Calls Manual STRING(2)
NAME
s_alloc, s_append, s_array, s_copy, s_error, s_free, s_incref, s_memap‐
pend, s_nappend, s_new, s_newalloc, s_parse, s_reset, s_restart, s_ter‐
minate, s_tolower, s_putc, s_unique, s_grow, s_read, s_read_line,
s_getline, s_allocinstack, s_freeinstack, s_rdinstack - extensible
strings
SYNOPSIS
#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>
#include <String.h>
String* s_new(void)
void s_free(String *s)
String* s_newalloc(int n)
String* s_array(char *p, int n)
String* s_grow(String *s, int n)
void s_putc(String *s, int c)
void s_terminate(String *s)
String* s_reset(String *s)
String* s_restart(String *s)
String* s_append(String *s, char *p)
String* s_nappend(String *s, char *p, int n)
String* s_memappend(String *s, char *p, int n)
String* s_copy(char *p)
String* s_parse(String *s1, String *s2)
void s_tolower(String *s)
String* s_incref(String *s)
String* s_unique(String *s)
#include <bio.h>
int s_read(Biobuf *b, String *s, int n)
char* s_read_line(Biobuf *b, String *s)
char* s_getline(Biobuf *b, String *s)
Sinstack* s_allocinstack(char *file)
void s_freeinstack(Sinstack *stack)
char* s_rdinstack(Sinstack *stack, String *to)
DESCRIPTION
These routines manipulate extensible strings. The basic type is
String, which points to an array of characters. The string maintains
pointers to the beginning and end of the allocated array. In addition
a finger pointer keeps track of where parsing will start (for s_parse)
or new characters will be added (for s_putc, s_append, and s_nappend).
The structure, and a few useful macros are:
typedef struct String {
Lock;
char *base; /* base of String */
char *end; /* end of allocated space+1 */
char *ptr; /* ptr into String */
...
} String;
#define s_to_c(s) ((s)->base)
#define s_len(s) ((s)->ptr-(s)->base)
#define s_clone(s) s_copy((s)->base)
S_to_c is used when code needs a reference to the character array. Us‐
ing s->base directly is frowned upon since it exposes too much of the
implementation.
allocation and freeing
A string must be allocated before it can be used. One normally does
this using s_new, giving the string an initial allocation of 128 bytes.
If you know that the string will need to grow much longer, you can use
s_newalloc instead, specifying the number of bytes in the initial allo‐
cation.
S_free causes both the string and its character array to be freed.
S_grow grows a string's allocation by a fixed amount. It is useful if
you are reading directly into a string's character array but should be
avoided if possible.
S_array is used to create a constant array, that is, one whose contents
won't change. It points directly to the character array given as an
argument. Tread lightly when using this call.
Filling the string
After its initial allocation, the string points to the beginning of an
allocated array of characters starting with NUL.
S_putc writes a character into the string at the pointer and advances
the pointer to point after it.
S_terminate writes a NUL at the pointer but doesn't advance it.
S_restart resets the pointer to the begining of the string but doesn't
change the contents.
S_reset is equivalent to s_restart followed by s_terminate.
S_append and s_nappend copy characters into the string at the pointer
and advance the pointer. They also write a NUL at the pointer without
advancing the pointer beyond it. Both routines stop copying on encoun‐
tering a NUL. S_memappend is like s_nappend but doesn't stop at a NUL.
If you know the initial character array to be copied into a string, you
can allocate a string and copy in the bytes using s_copy. This is the
equivalent of a s_new followed by an s_append.
S_parse copies the next white space terminated token from s1 to the end
of s2. White space is defined as space, tab, and newline. Both single
and double quoted strings are treated as a single token. The bounding
quotes are not copied. There is no escape mechanism.
S_tolower converts all ASCII characters in the string to lower case.
Multithreading
S_incref is used by multithreaded programs to avoid having the string
memory released until the last user of the string performs an s_free.
S_unique returns a unique copy of the string: if the reference count it
1 it returns the string, otherwise it returns an s_clone of the string.
Bio interaction
S_read reads the requested number of characters through a Biobuf into a
string. The string is grown as necessary. An eof or error terminates
the read. The number of bytes read is returned. The string is ASCII
NUL terminated.
S_read_line reads up to and including the next newline and returns a
pointer to the beginning of the bytes read. An eof or error terminates
the read and returns 0. The string is NUL terminated.
S_getline reads up to the next newline and returns a pointer to the be‐
ginning of the bytes read (0 on eof or error). Leading spaces and tabs
and the trailing newline are all discarded. S_getline will discard all
lines beginning with
S_rdinstack will recursively read through files included with and dis‐
card all other lines beginning with The next line read from a stack of
include files is appended to to. S_rdinstack returns a pointer to the
beginning of the bytes read. An eof or error terminates the read and
returns 0. The string is NUL terminated. S_allocinstack opens file
for reading and returns a pointer to a new stack of include files, or
nil on failure. S_freeinstack frees such a stack.
SOURCE
/sys/src/libString
SEE ALSO
bio(2)
STRING(2)