term% cat index.txt USB(2) System Calls Manual USB(2)
NAME
usbcmd, classname, closedev, configdev, devctl, finddevs, loaddevstr,
matchdevcsp, opendev, opendevdata, openep, startdevs, unstall, class,
subclass, proto, CSP - USB device driver library
SYNOPSIS
#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>
#include <thread.h>
#include "../lib/usb.h"
struct Dev {
Ref;
char* dir; /* path for the endpoint dir */
int id; /* usb id for device or ep. number */
int dfd; /* descriptor for the data file */
int cfd; /* descriptor for the control file */
int maxpkt; /* cached from usb description */
Usbdev* usb; /* USB description */
void* aux; /* for the device driver */
void (*free)(void*); /* idem. to release aux */
};
struct Usbdev {
ulong csp; /* USB class/subclass/proto */
int vid; /* vendor id */
int did; /* product (device) id */
int dno; /* device release number */
char* vendor;
char* product;
char* serial;
int ls; /* low speed */
int class; /* from descriptor */
int nconf; /* from descriptor */
Conf* conf[Nconf]; /* configurations */
Ep* ep[Nep]; /* all endpoints in device */
Desc* ddesc[Nddesc]; /* (raw) device specific descriptors */
};
struct Ep {
uchar addr; /* endpt address */
uchar dir; /* direction, Ein/Eout */
uchar type; /* Econtrol, Eiso, Ebulk, Eintr */
uchar isotype; /* Eunknown, Easync, Eadapt, Esync */
int id;
int maxpkt; /* max. packet size */
Conf* conf; /* the endpoint belongs to */
Iface* iface; /* the endpoint belongs to */
};
struct Altc {
int attrib;
int interval;
void* aux; /* for the driver program */
};
struct Iface {
int id; /* interface number */
ulong csp; /* USB class/subclass/proto */
Altc* altc[Naltc];
Ep* ep[Nep];
void* aux; /* for the driver program */
};
struct Conf {
int cval; /* value for set configuration */
int attrib;
int milliamps; /* maximum power in this config. */
Iface* iface[Niface]; /* up to 16 interfaces */
};
struct Desc {
Conf* conf; /* where this descriptor was read */
Iface* iface; /* last iface before desc in conf. */
Ep* ep; /* last endpt before desc in conf. */
Altc* altc; /* last alt.c. before desc in conf. */
DDesc data; /* unparsed standard USB descriptor */
};
struct DDesc {
uchar bLength;
uchar bDescriptorType;
uchar bbytes[1];
/* extra bytes allocated here to keep the rest of it */
};
#define Class(csp) ((csp)&0xff)
#define Subclass(csp) (((csp)>>8)&0xff)
#define Proto(csp) (((csp)>>16)&0xff)
#define CSP(c, s, p) ((c) | ((s)<<8) | ((p)<<16))
#define GET2(p) ...
#define PUT2(p,v) ...
#define GET4(p) ...
#define PUT4(p,v) ...
#define dprint if(usbdebug)fprint
#define ddprint if(usbdebug > 1)fprint
int Ufmt(Fmt *f);
char* classname(int c);
void closedev(Dev *d);
int configdev(Dev *d);
int devctl(Dev *dev, char *fmt, ...);
void* emallocz(ulong size, int zero);
char* estrdup(char *s);
int finddevs(int (*matchf)(char*,void*), void *farg, char** dirs, int ndirs);
char* hexstr(void *a, int n);
char* loaddevstr(Dev *d, int sid);
int matchdevcsp(char *info, void *a);
Dev* opendev(char *fn);
int opendevdata(Dev *d, int mode);
Dev* openep(Dev *d, int id);
void startdevs(char *args, char *argv[], int argc,
int (*mf)(char*,void*), void*ma, int (*df)(Dev*,int,char**));
int unstall(Dev *dev, Dev *ep, int dir);
int usbcmd(Dev *d, int type, int req,
int value, int index, uchar *data, int count);
extern int usbdebug; /* more messages for bigger values */
DESCRIPTION
This library provides convenience structures and functions to write USB
device drivers. It is not intended for user programs using USB de‐
vices. See usb(3) for a description of the interfaces provided for
that purpose. For drivers that provide a file system and may be embed‐
ded into usbd, the library includes a file system implementation
toolkit described in usbfs(2).
Usb drivers rely on usb(3) to perform I/O through USB as well as on
usbd(4) to perform the initial configuration for the device's setup
endpoint. The rest of the work is up to the driver and is where this
library may help.
In most cases, a driver locates the devices of interest and configures
them by calling startdevs and then sets up additional endpoints as
needed (by calling openep) to finally perform I/O by reading and writ‐
ing the data files for the endpoints.
An endpoint as provided by usb(3) is represented by a Dev data struc‐
ture. The setup endpoint for a device represents the USB device, be‐
cause it is the means to configure and operate the device. This struc‐
ture is reference counted. Functions creating Devs adjust the number
of references to one, initially. The driver is free to call incref (in
lock(2)) to add references and closedev to drop references (and release
resources when the last one vanishes). As an aid to the driver, the
field aux may keep driver-specific data and the function free will be
called (if not null) to release the aux structure when the reference
count goes down to zero.
Dev.dir holds the path for the endpoint's directory.
The field id keeps the device number for setup endpoints and the end‐
point number for all other endpoints. For example, it would be 3 for
/dev/usb/ep3.0 and 1 for /dev/usb/ep3.1. It is easy to remember this
because the former is created to operate on the device, while the later
has been created as a particular endpoint to perform I/O.
Fields dfd and cfd keep the data and control file descriptors, respec‐
tively. When a Dev is created the control file is open, initially.
Opening the data file requires calling opendevdata with the appropriate
mode.
When the device configuration information has been loaded (see below),
maxpkt holds the maximum packet size (in bytes) for the endpoint and
usb keeps the rest of the USB information.
Most of the information in usb comes from parsing various device and
configuration descriptors provided by the device, by calling one of the
functions described later. Only descriptors unknown to the library are
kept unparsed at usb.ddesc as an aid for the driver (which should know
how to parse them and what to do with the information).
Configuration
Startdevs is a wrapper that locates devices of interest, loads their
configuration information, and starts a thread(2)'s proc for each de‐
vice located so that it executes f as its main entry point. The entry
point is called with a pointer to the Dev for the device it has to
process, argc, and argv. Devices are located either from the arguments
(after options) in argv, if any, or by calling the helper function mf
with the argument ma to determine (for each device available) if the
device belongs to the driver or not. If the function returns -1 then
the device is not for us.
In many cases, matchdevcsp may be supplied as mf along with a (null
terminated) vector of CSP values supplied as ma. This function returns
0 for any device with a CSP matching one in the vector supplied as an
argument and -1 otherwise. In other cases (eg., when a particular ven‐
dor and device ids are the ones identifying the device) the driver must
include its own function and supply it as an argument to startdevs.
The first argument of the function corresponds to the information known
about the device (the second line in its ctl file). Openep creates the
endpoint number id for the device d and returns a Dev structure to op‐
erate on it (with just the control file open).
Opendev creates a Dev for the endpoint with directory fn. Usually, the
endpoint is a setup endpoint representing a device. The endpoint con‐
trol file is open, but the data file is not. The USB description is
void. In most cases drivers call startdevs and openep and do not call
this function directly.
Configdev opens the data file for the device supplied and loads and
parses its configuration information. After calling it, the device is
ready for I/O and the USB description in Dev.usb is valid. When using
startdevs it is not desirable to call this function (because startdevs
already calls it).
Control requests for an endpoint may be written by calling devctl in
the style of print(2). It is better not to call print directly because
the control request should be issued as a single write system call.
See usb(3) for a list of available control requests (not to be confused
with USB control transfers performed on a control endpoint).
Input/Output
Opendevdata opens the data file for the device according to the given
mode. The mode must match that of the endpoint, doing otherwise is
considered an error. Actual I/O is performed by reading/writing the
descriptor kept in the dfd field of Dev.
For control endpoints, it is not necessary to call read and write di‐
rectly. Instead, usbcmd issues a USB control request to the device d
(not to be confused with a usb(3) control request sent to its control
file). Usbcmd retries the control request several times upon failure
because some devices require it. The format of requests is fixed per
the USB standard: type is the type of request and req identifies the
request. Arguments value and index are parameters to the request and
the last two arguments, data and count, are similar to read and write
arguments. However, data may be nil if no transfer (other than the
control request) has to take place. The library header file includes
numerous symbols defined to help writing the type and arguments for a
request.
The return value from usbcmd is the number of bytes transferred, zero
to indicate a stall and -1 to indicate an error.
A common request is to unstall an endpoint that has been stalled due to
some reason by the device (eg., when read or write indicate a count of
zero bytes read or written on the endpoint). The function unstall does
this. It is given the device that stalled the endpoint, dev, the
stalled endpoint, ep, and the direction of the stall (one of Ein or
Eout). The function takes care of notifying the device of the unstall
as well as notifying the kernel.
Tools
Class returns the class part of the number given, representing a CSP.
Subclass does the same for the device subclass and Proto for the proto‐
col. The counterpart is CSP, which builds a CSP from the device class,
subclass, and protocol. For some classes, classname knows the name
(for those with constants in the library header file).
The macros GET2 and PUT2 get and put a (little-endian) two-byte value
and are useful to parse descriptors and replies for control requests.
Functions emallocz and estrdup are similar to mallocz and strdup but
abort program operation upon failure.
The function Ufmt is a format routine suitable for fmtinstall(2) to
print a Dev data structure. The auxiliary hexstr returns a string rep‐
resenting a dump (in hexadecimal) of n bytes starting at a. The string
is allocated using malloc(2) and memory must be released by the caller.
Loaddevstr returns the string obtained by reading the device string de‐
scriptor number sid.
SOURCE
/sys/src/cmd/usb/lib
SEE ALSO
usbfs(2), usb(3), usb(4), usbd(4).
BUGS
Not heavily exercised yet.
USB(2)