term% cat index.txt ROFF(1) General Commands Manual ROFF(1)
NAME
roff - format text
SYNOPSIS
roff [ +n ] [ -n ] [ -s ] [ -h ] file ...
nroff -mr [ option ] ... file ...
troff -mr [ option ] ... file ...
DESCRIPTION
Roff formats text according to control lines embedded in the text in
the given files. Encountering a nonexistent file terminates printing.
Incoming inter-terminal messages are turned off during printing. The
optional flag arguments mean:
+n Start printing at the first page with number n.
-n Stop printing at the first page numbered higher than n.
-s Stop before each page (including the first) to allow paper manipu‐
lation; resume on receipt of an interrupt signal.
-h Insert tabs in the output stream to replace spaces whenever appro‐
priate.
Input consists of intermixed text lines, which contain information to
be formatted, and request lines, which contain instructions about how
to format it. Request lines begin with a distinguished control charac‐
ter, normally a period.
Output lines may be filled as nearly as possible with words without re‐
gard to input lineation. Line breaks may be caused at specified places
by certain commands, or by the appearance of an empty input line or an
input line beginning with a space.
The capabilities of roff are specified in the attached Request Summary.
Numerical values are denoted there by n or +n, titles by t, and single
characters by c. Numbers denoted +n may be signed + or -, in which
case they signify relative changes to a quantity, otherwise they sig‐
nify an absolute resetting. Missing n fields are ordinarily taken to
be 1, missing t fields to be empty, and c fields to shut off the appro‐
priate special interpretation.
Running titles usually appear at top and bottom of every page. They
are set by requests like
.he 'part1'part2'part3'
Part1 is left justified, part2 is centered, and part3 is right justi‐
fied on the page. Any % sign in a title is replaced by the current
page number. Any nonblank may serve as a quote.
ASCII tab characters are replaced in the input by a replacement charac‐
ter, normally a space, according to the column settings given by a .ta
command. (See .tr for how to convert this character on output.)
Automatic hyphenation of filled output is done under control of .hy.
When a word contains a designated hyphenation character, that character
disappears from the output and hyphens can be introduced into the word
at the marked places only.
The -mr option of nroff or troff(1) simulates roff to the greatest ex‐
tent possible.
FILES
/usr/lib/suftab suffix hyphenation tables
/tmp/rtm? temporary
BUGS
Roff is the simplest of the text formatting programs, and is utterly
frozen.
REQUEST SUMMARY
Request Break Initial Meaning
the current line is stopped.
without filling.
to be invoked by request ‘.xx' (definition ends on line beginning ‘..').
and is not done, if n=0.
ROFF(1)