term% cat index.txt OOPS(8) System Manager's Manual OOPS(8)
NAME
oops - process status
SYNOPSIS
oops [ acegklstuvwx# ] [ core ] [ swap ] [ namelist ]
DESCRIPTION
Oops prints information about processes. Normally, only the invoker's
processes are candidates to be printed by oops. Specifying a causes
other user's processes to be candidates to be printed; specifying x in‐
cludes processes without control terminals in the candidate pool.
All output formats include, for each process, the process id PID, con‐
trol terminal of the process TT, cpu time used by the process TIME
(this includes both user and system time), the state STAT of the
process, and an indication of the command which is running. The state
is given by a sequence of four letters, e.g. ‘‘RWNA''. The first let‐
ter indicates the runnability of the process: R for a runnable process,
T for a stopped process, P for a process in page wait, D for one in
disk (or other short term) wait, S for one sleeping for less than about
20 seconds, and I for an idle (sleeping longer than about 20 seconds)
process. The second letter is W if the process is swapped out, blank
if it is resident in memory. The third letter is a blank if the
process is running with normal scheduling priority, N if the priority
is reduced (nice), < if the priority is raised. The final letter is an
A if special paging behaviour has been requested.
Here are the options:
a asks for information about all processes with terminals (ordinar‐
ily only one's own processes are displayed).
c causes the system's internal idea of the command name to be used,
rather than the command arguments in the process' address space.
This is more reliable, if less informative, since the process is
free to destroy the latter information.
e asks for the environment (environ(7)) to be printed.
g includes process group leaders (usually shells) which are normally
excluded.
k causes the file /vmcore is used in place of /dev/kmem and
/dev/mem. This is used for postmortem system debugging.
l asks for a long listing, with fields PPID, CP, PRI, NI, ADDR,
SIZE, RSS and WCHAN as described below.
s adds the size SSIZ of the kernel stack of each process (for use by
system maintainers) to the basic output format.
tx restricts output to processes whose controlling tty is x (which
should be specified as printed by oops, e.g. t3 for tty3, tco for
console, td0 for ttyd0, t? for processes with no tty, etc). This
option must be the last one given.
u allegedly user oriented output is produced. This includes fields
USER, %CPU, NICE, SIZE, and RSS as described below.
v virtual memory statistics; includes fields RE, SL, PAGEIN, SIZE,
RSS, SRS, TSIZ, TRS, %CPU and %MEM, described below.
w use a wide output format (132 columns rather than 80); if re‐
peated, use arbitrarily wide output. This information is used to
decide how much of long argument lists to print.
x asks about even processes with no terminal.
# A process number may be given, in which case the output is re‐
stricted to that process. This option must also be last.
A second argument tells oops where to look for core if the k option is
given, instead of /vmcore. A third argument is the name of a swap file
to use instead of the default /dev/drum. If a fourth argument is
given, it is taken to be the file containing the system's namelist.
Otherwise, /unix is used.
Fields which are not common to all output formats:
USER the owner of the process
%CPU cpu utilization of the process; this is a decaying average
over up to a minute of previous (real) time. Since the time
base over which this is computed varies (since processes may
be very young) it is possible for the sum of all %CPU fields
to exceed 100%.
NICE (or NI) process scheduling increment (see nice(2))
SIZE virtual size of the process (in 1024 byte units)
RSS real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte
units)
SRS number of real memory pages (RSS) if and when swapped
TSIZ size of text (shared program) image
TRS size of resident (real memory) set of text
%MEM percentage of real memory used by this process.
RE residency time of the process (seconds in core)
SL sleep time of the process (seconds blocked)
PAGEIN number of disk i/o's resulting from references by the process
to pages not loaded in core.
UID numerical user-id of process owner
PPID numerical id of parent of process
CP short-term cpu utilization factor (used in scheduling)
PRI process priority (non-positive when in non-interruptible
wait)
ADDR swap address of the process
WCHAN event on which process is waiting (an address in the system),
with the initial part of the address trimmed off; e.g.
0x80004000 prints as 4000.
F flags associated with process as in /usr/include/sys/proc.h:
SLOAD 000001 in core
SSYS 000002 swapper or pager process
SLOCK 000004 process being swapped out
SSWAP 000008 save area flag
STRC 000010 process is being traced
SWTED 000020 another tracing flag
SULOCK 000040 user settable lock in core
SPAGE 000080 process in page wait state
SKEEP 000100 another flag to prevent swap out
SDLYU 000200 delayed unlock of pages
SWEXIT 000400 working on exiting
SPHYSIO 000800 doing physical i/o (bio.c)
SPAGI 008000 init data space on demand, from inode
SSEQL 010000 user warned of sequential vm behavior
SUANOM 020000 user warned of anomalous vm behavior
STIMO 040000 timing out during sleep
SDETACH 080000 detached inherited by init
SNUSIG 100000 using new signal mechanism
A process that has exited and has a parent, but has not yet been waited
for by the parent is marked <defunct>; a process which is blocked try‐
ing to exit is marked <exiting>. Oops makes an educated guess as to
the file name and arguments given when the process was created by exam‐
ining memory or the swap area. The method is inherently somewhat unre‐
liable and in any event a process is entitled to destroy this informa‐
tion, so the names cannot be counted on too much.
FILES
/unix system namelist
/dev/kmem kernel memory
/dev/drum swap device
/vmcore core file
/dev searched to find swap device and tty names
SEE ALSO
kill(1), ps(1), pstat(8)
BUGS
Things can change while oops is running; the picture it gives is only a
close approximation to reality.
Oops duplicates ps(1); it is useful mainly for examining kernel crash
dumps, or when /proc is not mounted.
OOPS(8)